CPA vs CAC: Measure the Cost of Acquiring a Customer Correctly
Distinguish advertising CPA from fully loaded CAC, with a lead-to-customer example and guidance on cost scope and timing.
Build an Ad Budget from Clicks, Conversion Rate and Order Value
Model advertising revenue from budget, CPC, conversion rate and order value, then stress-test the assumptions before spending.
CPC, CPM and CTR: How the Three Advertising Metrics Connect
Connect CPC, CPM and CTR with one campaign example, identify denominator mistakes and understand why cheaper traffic may not convert.
ROAS Is Not Profit: Calculate Your Advertising Break-Even Point
Learn why a high ROAS can still lose money, and calculate a break-even threshold using pre-ad contribution margin and fixed costs.
Discounts and Profit: How Much Extra Volume Makes a Sale Worthwhile?
Calculate how a discount changes unit contribution and the extra sales needed to preserve profit, with a worked promotion example.
Target Profit Planning: How Many Units Must You Sell?
Turn a desired profit into a unit-sales target, then test price changes, capacity constraints and the margin of safety.
Contribution Margin and Break-Even: From One Sale to Fixed-Cost Coverage
Connect unit contribution to break-even sales, with whole-unit rounding, revenue calculations and a two-product sales-mix example.
Gross, Operating and Net Profit: Read the Three Layers Correctly
Compare gross, operating and net profit using one income-statement example, and learn why the three margins answer different questions.
Ecommerce Profit: Build a Complete Cost Model for Each Order
Build an ecommerce order-profit model that separates unit costs, campaign totals and overhead, with a detailed 100-order example.
Wholesale Pricing: Set a Price That Works for You and the Retailer
Learn how wholesale and retail margins interact, with a worked pricing example, volume-discount checks and common costing mistakes.